WORLD OF WORK
LEARNER PROFILES
Learner Profile: JOBSEEKER
SECTION ONE: Testimonial
Before reading the description for the Learner Type ‘Jobseeker’, watch the video below.
Video transcript
"Hello, my name is Alex and I've been actively looking for a job in an English-speaking country for the past few months. I like new challenges and I hope for a change of environment. But the process has been quite challenging, especially because English is not my native language. During interviews, I often find it hard to articulate my thoughts effectively, and I've noticed that my written communication skills could use some improvement too. Having a strong command of English would not only increase my chances of getting hired, but it would also help me feel more confident during the entire job application process."
SECTION TWO: Description
Read the description of the Learner Type ‘Jobseeker’, then answer the two reflection questions.
To start with, let us take a look at the social role performed by the learner: A typical jobseeker is an individual actively searching for employment opportunities, either in their home country or in an English-speaking one. Their main goal is to secure a job that aligns with their skills and career aspirations.
When it comes to learning English as a second language, a jobseeker faces a unique set of challenges. Effective communication in English is vital for various stages of the job-seeking process, including:
- writing a compelling resume and cover letter
- preparing for interviews, networking
- navigating professional environments.
For a job seeker, written communication skills are crucial for creating an impressive resume and cover letter that effectively highlight their qualifications and experiences. Additionally, they need to be proficient in crafting professional emails and messages for networking purposes.
In terms of verbal communication, a job seeker must be able to articulate their thoughts clearly and confidently during interviews. They also need to engage in effective verbal communication in professional settings, such as team meetings and discussions.
Reflection questions for teachers:
1. What are some key aspects of written communication that are crucial for a jobseeker?
2. Name three situations where a job seeker might need to engage in verbal communication.
Now check the possible answers:
1. Creating a resume and cover letter, composing professional emails, and networking messages.
2. During job interviews, team meetings, and professional networking events.
SECTION THREE: Functional contexts
Communication happens within a context. Functional contexts are therefore a prerequisite for successful communication. Read (listen to) two typical functional contexts in the role of the Jobseeker, then check the methodological input in the form of tips for teachers.
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 1:
Job Interview Preparation
Alex’s Story No.1:
“As a job seeker, I’ve been preparing for interviews rigorously. One thing I struggle with is expressing my strengths and experiences clearly and confidently. I’m lost for words sometimes. I need to be able to answer questions fluently and showcase my skills effectively.”
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 2:
Professional Networking
Alex’s Story No.2:
“I’ve been attending networking events to connect with potential employers and industry professionals. Engaging in conversations and making a lasting impression is crucial. I need to be able to communicate my goals and aspirations effectively.”
Methodology tips: how to prepare the learner for the target functional context
- Provide resources for crafting effective resumes and cover letters.
- Conduct mock interviews to help the learner practice articulating their experiences and strengths. This allows learners to practice articulating their professional experiences, accomplishments, and strengths in a supportive environment.
- Encourage participation in mock professional networking events and provide guidance on effective communication strategies in such settings.
- Offer guidance on common interview questions and appropriate responses. This will boost their confidence and ensure they present their qualifications and experiences effectively, increasing their chances of success in the job market.
- Provide constructive feedback on both written and verbal communication skills.
SECTION FOUR: Subtypes
Each basic type of learner typically has different subtypes. Look at the three ‘Jobseeker’ subtypes presented here.
SUBTYPE A:
Industry-specific Language Expert
Industry-specific Terminology, weak knowledge of grammar rules – This learner subtype is characterized by a deep understanding of industry-specific terminology and concepts related to their chosen field or profession. They excel in comprehending and using technical or specialized language that is specific to their industry. However, they struggle with general English communication, particularly in areas such as grammar and overall language fluency.
SUBTYPE B:
Proficient Writer and Reader
Proficient in writing and reading but faces challenges when it comes to speaking – This learner subtype faces some challenges in social situations, they might feel a bit hesitant and struggle to find the right words promptly. This hesitancy sometimes affects their ability to maintain fluid conversations, especially in spontaneous interactions or group discussions. Despite being well-informed on various topics, they occasionally feel a lack of confidence in articulating their ideas verbally.
SUBTYPE C:
Digitally Incompetent
Digital Incompetence: It is important not to overlook the digital skills aspect involved in job seeking. As job seekers navigate the online application process, various aspects are heavily reliant on digital tools and platforms. From crafting resumes to submitting applications and participating in virtual interviews, the need for digital skills has become ubiquitous. This subtype may require support in developing their digital literacy to effectively utilize online resources in their job search.
Learner Profile: OFFICE WORKER
SECTION ONE: Testimonial
Before reading the description for the Learner Type ‘Office worker’, watch the video below.
Video transcript
"My name is Sarah, and I've been an office assistant for three years. In my role, effective communication is key. Whether it's managing phone calls, composing emails, or supporting international meetings, clarity and confidence are crucial. While I'm comfortable with my day-to-day tasks, I often find it challenging to communicate effectively, especially when it comes to handling more complex projects and supporting international meetings. I often accept international calls it is important to be clear and professional. When I write emails, I want to make sure the information is clear and complete. As our company grows globally, I find myself in more international meetings. It's crucial to understand different cultural aspects and be fluent in English. Improving my English skills will boost my confidence and productivity in these vital communication tasks."
SECTION TWO: Description
Read the description of the Learner Type ‘Office worker’, then answer the two reflection questions.
To start with, let us take a look at the social role performed by the learner: Office workers play a pivotal role in maintaining the smooth operation of an office environment.
They are responsible for a range of administrative tasks:
- managing emails
- scheduling appointments
- data entry
- document preparation
In addition to these core responsibilities, effective communication within the office setting is crucial for ensuring tasks are completed accurately and efficiently.
For an office worker, clear written communication is essential for drafting emails, reports, and other business documents. Verbal communication skills are equally vital, particularly for conducting meetings, giving presentations, and collaborating with colleagues on various projects.
Additionally, office workers must be adept at using office software and tools to streamline their tasks.
Reflection questions for teachers:
1. What are some common written communication tasks that an office worker may engage in?
2. Name three situations where verbal communication skills are crucial for an office worker.
Now check the possible answers:
1. Writing emails, creating reports, drafting memos, and preparing presentations are common written communication tasks for an office worker.
2. Verbal communication skills are crucial when leading a team meeting, giving a presentation to clients, and participating in group discussions on projects.
SECTION THREE: Functional contexts
Communication happens within a context. Functional contexts are therefore a prerequisite for successful communication. Read (listen to) two typical functional contexts in the role of the Office worker, then check the methodological input in the form of tips for teachers.
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 1:
Conducting Effective Meetings
Scenario No.1
“Sarah needs to lead a team meeting to discuss an upcoming project. She must communicate the goals, tasks, and deadlines clearly to ensure everyone is on the same page. For that, she needs to prepare a clear agenda and presentation with relevant information. She needs to form clear and task-oriented structures and use common terminology.”
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 2:
Writing a Professional Email
Scenario No.2
“Sarah has received an email from a client requesting a detailed report on the progress of their project. She needs to respond professionally, ensuring all relevant information is included and shared in a professional tone.”
Methodology tips
To prepare the learner for specific workplace situations, it’s crucial to implement effective teaching strategies. These methods are essential for practical application:
- Provide Templates and Examples: Offering templates and real-world examples of meeting agendas and minutes helps the learner grasp the structure and content required for successful meetings. This allows them to confidently lead and document discussions.
- Conduct Role-Playing Exercises: Engaging in simulated meeting scenarios through role-play exercises fosters a practical understanding of how to navigate various professional interactions. This hands-on approach hones the learner’s ability to communicate effectively in dynamic workplace settings.
- Offer Guidance on Email Communication: Providing guidance on how to structure professional emails and respond to client inquiries equips the learner with the necessary skills for effective written communication. This ensures that the correspondence is clear, concise, and grammatically correct. Pay attention to the style.
SECTION FOUR: Subtypes
Each basic type of learner typically has different subtypes. Look at the three ‘Office worker’ subtypes presented here.
SUBTYPE A:
Grammar Geek
This subtype of learners possesses a strong grasp of grammar, exhibiting excellent accuracy in written communication. However, in terms of fluency and the ability to engage in extended conversations, even on casual topics, they may not meet expectations. This subtype excels in written tasks such as composing emails, reports, and documents, but may benefit from additional practice in verbal communication for more dynamic workplace interactions.
SUBTYPE B:
Skilled Writer and Reader
Proficient in writing and reading but faces challenges when it comes to speaking. These individuals, while skilled in written communication tasks like drafting emails and reports, may find it challenging to articulate themselves verbally in social or spontaneous situations. They may feel a bit hesitant and struggle to find the right words promptly. This hesitancy can affect their ability to maintain fluid conversations, especially in group discussions or dynamic interactions. Despite being well-informed on various topics, they occasionally feel a lack of confidence in articulating their ideas verbally.
SUBTYPE C:
Digital Literacy and Language Learner
This subtype recognizes the importance of both digital skills and English proficiency in the modern workplace. They actively seek to improve their competence in digital tools while also being proactive in learning English for effective communication.
They understand the need for better digital literacy in tasks like managing emails and participating in virtual meetings. Additionally, they actively engage in practicing and enhancing their English language skills. Providing resources for digital literacy and tailored English learning materials will empower them to confidently navigate online tasks. This approach ensures they are well-equipped to excel in their role as an office worker, both in terms of digital proficiency and effective English communication.
Learner Profile: SALES AND MARKETING EXPERT
SECTION ONE: Testimonial
Before reading the description for the Learner Type ‘Sales and Marketing Expert’, watch the video below.
Video transcript
"Hello, I'm Sarah, and I've worked in Sales and Marketing for a long time. My job involves talking to clients and creating marketing plans. English is important because it's the main language for international business. I can speak English fairly well, but I want to get better so I can work with global clients and compete better. In today's world, talking to clients from different countries is really important. It's not just about speaking English; it's about knowing how to talk to people from other cultures and make our marketing better for them. Improving my English isn't just a work goal; it helps me do my job better. It's about making good marketing, giving good client presentations, and growing our business in a tough market. Even though I can communicate in English, I struggle with understanding informal phrases and expressions used in everyday business conversations. These nuances can affect my ability to connect with clients and colleagues on a personal level. I think that by improving my English, I can meet my clients' needs even better. It's a way to invest in my career and our company's success. I'm excited to get better at English as a Sales and Marketing Expert in the international business world."
SECTION TWO: Description
Read the description of the Learner Type ‘Sales and Marketing Expert’, then answer the two reflection questions.
For a Sales and Marketing Expert, mastering English is essential due to its significance as the primary language for international business. This professional typically engages with clients globally and is responsible for creating effective marketing strategies. While their English proficiency falls between levels A2 and B1, there is a strong desire to enhance their skills to communicate more effectively with global clients and remain competitive in the industry.
In this role, professionals interact with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds and develop marketing plans tailored to various markets. Beyond basic English communication, the goal is to understand and incorporate cultural nuances into marketing materials, presentations, and client interactions.
The objective of improving English is not only professional but also strategic, aiming to excel in creating impactful marketing campaigns, delivering compelling client presentations, and achieving growth in a challenging market.
The focus of their English language improvement journey is to better grasp informal phrases and expressions used in everyday business conversations. These subtle nuances can significantly enhance their ability to connect with clients and colleagues on a personal level. Incorporating these expressions into their communication will aid in building stronger relationships and rapport, ultimately benefiting their career in the Sales and Marketing field.
Reflection questions for teachers:
1. What types of written communication scenarios could a Sales and Marketing Expert encounter in their role?
2. Can you identify three key speaking situations where effective English communication is crucial for a Sales and Marketing Expert?
Now check the possible answers:
1. A Sales and Marketing Expert may need to engage in various written communication tasks, such as composing emails to clients, creating marketing materials like brochures and reports, and crafting persuasive sales proposals.
2. Effective spoken communication is vital for Sales and Marketing Experts when delivering client presentations, negotiating deals with international clients, and participating in brainstorming sessions with the marketing team to develop innovative strategies.
SECTION THREE: Functional contexts
Communication happens within a context. Functional contexts are therefore a prerequisite for successful communication. Read (listen to) two typical functional contexts in the role of the Sales and Marketing Expert, then check the methodological input in the form of tips for teachers.
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 1:
Client Negotiations
Sarah’s Story No.1:
“As a Sales and Marketing Expert, I often find myself in client negotiations to secure important contracts and deals. These negotiations can be quite challenging, as clients have diverse needs and expectations. I recall one particular negotiation with an international client where I had to explain the details of our marketing proposal and pricing. The client had several questions and concerns, and I needed to address them effectively. However, I realized that my English fluency played a significant role in building trust and securing the deal. Therefore, improving my English language skills, especially in negotiation scenarios, became a top priority.”
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 2:
Marketing Campaign Presentation
Sarah’s Story No.2:
“In my role as a Sales and Marketing Expert, I frequently prepare and deliver marketing campaign presentations to both clients and internal teams. These presentations are pivotal in conveying the essence of our marketing strategies and convincing stakeholders of their effectiveness. I vividly remember one presentation to an international client where I needed to explain our innovative digital marketing approach. However, during the presentation, I struggled to find the right words promptly and felt that I couldn’t convey the ideas as effectively as I wanted. This experience made me realize that improving my spoken English skills, especially in the context of marketing presentations, is essential to excel in my role and make a lasting impact.”
Methodology tips
- Combine Receptive and Productive Skills: Begin by enhancing receptive skills through reading and listening exercises. Provide materials related to negotiation scenarios, including sample dialogues, negotiation case studies, and articles on negotiation tactics. Once learners are familiar with the language used in negotiations, transition to productive skills by encouraging them to engage in role-playing exercises simulating different negotiation scenarios.
- Focus on Effective Phrases: Emphasize the use of effective phrases and expressions commonly used in negotiations. Teach learners how to use linking phrases like ‘I understand your point, but…’, ‘Let’s explore other possibilities…’, and ‘To summarize our agreement…’. These phrases can help structure communication and maintain a positive negotiation atmosphere.
- Combine Receptive and Productive Skills: Start with receptive skills by having learners study successful marketing campaign presentations. Provide video clips or transcripts of compelling marketing presentations. Encourage learners to analyze the structure, language, and delivery techniques used. Subsequently, move on to productive skills by having them create their own marketing campaign presentations and practice delivering them.
- Focus on verbal communication skills, helping learners develop clear, concise, and persuasive language for their presentations. Encourage the use of rhetorical questions, attention-grabbing phrases, and engaging storytelling techniques.
SECTION FOUR: Subtypes
Each basic type of learner typically has different subtypes. Look at the three ‘Sales and Marketing Expert’ subtypes presented here.
SUBTYPE A:
Language Precision
Sales and Marketing Experts falling into this category possess a strong command of grammar and vocabulary, demonstrating precise and accurate language usage. However, they may need further development in terms of fluency and the ability to engage in extended conversations or negotiations, especially when dealing with complex marketing strategies and client interactions.
SUBTYPE B:
Written Proficiency, Spoken Hesitancy
Professionals in this category are proficient in written communication, excelling in crafting marketing materials and reports. However, they often face challenges when it comes to verbal communication, experiencing hesitancy and difficulty in spontaneous conversations or during client presentations. Despite their knowledge, they may lack confidence in articulating their ideas verbally.
SUBTYPE C:
Digital Literacy and Communication
In the digital age of marketing, Sales and Marketing Experts in this subtype recognize the importance of digital skills alongside language proficiency. They may excel in using digital tools and platforms but require support in improving their English language skills. This group seeks to enhance their digital literacy while developing effective communication strategies in English for online marketing and virtual client interactions.
Learner Profile: PROJECT MANAGER
SECTION ONE: Testimonial
Before reading the description for the Learner Type ‘Project Manager (International Company)’, watch the video below.
Video transcript
“My name is Michael, and I have been working as a Project Manager for an international company for the past decade. In my role, I handle diverse projects, collaborating with cross-functional teams from around the world. English is the primary language of communication in our global company, and while I have a good command of it, I believe there is room for improvement. Whether it's leading project meetings, presenting reports to stakeholders, or negotiating with international clients, effective English communication is paramount. It's not just about understanding technical jargon but also about conveying ideas persuasively and building strong working relationships across borders. I'm committed to enhancing my English skills to excel in my role and contribute to the success of our international projects.”
SECTION TWO: Description
Read the description of the Learner Type ‘Project Manager (International Company)’, then answer the two reflection questions.
In the role of a Project Manager within an international company, effective English communication is not just a skill but a necessity. Project Managers like Michael are responsible for overseeing complex projects that often involve global teams, clients, and stakeholders. While they possess a moderate level of English proficiency, typically falling between levels B1 and B2, they recognize the need to refine their language skills to excel in their multifaceted roles.
Project Managers in international companies engage in various communication scenarios, such as leading project meetings, presenting project updates, negotiating contracts, and collaborating with diverse teams. Beyond technical knowledge, their ability to articulate ideas, manage conflicts, and ensure clear understanding among team members and stakeholders is critical for project success.
The focus of their English language improvement journey lies in mastering business-specific vocabulary, enhancing negotiation skills, and refining their ability to facilitate productive discussions. They aim to bridge the gap between technical expertise and effective communication to lead successful projects in a global context.
Reflection questions for teachers:
1. How can Project Managers improve their language skills to effectively lead international project meetings?
2. What strategies can be employed to enhance their ability to negotiate with international clients and stakeholders?
Now check the possible answers:
1. Focus on business communication. Additionally, engaging in the regular practice of facilitating meetings in English, using specific vocabulary related to project management, and receiving feedback on their communication style can be beneficial.
2. Role-playing negotiation scenarios, studying negotiation tactics, and participating in simulated negotiation exercises. Additionally, learning common negotiation phrases, active listening techniques, and understanding cultural nuances can contribute to successful negotiations with international clients and stakeholders.
SECTION THREE: Functional contexts
Communication happens within a context. Functional contexts are therefore a prerequisite for successful communication. Read (listen to) two typical functional contexts in the role of the Project Manager, then check the methodological input in the form of tips for teachers.
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 1:
Project Kick-off Meetings
Michael’s story No.1:
“At the commencement of a new project, I often lead kick-off meetings involving team members from various global regions. These meetings are critical for setting project objectives, delegating tasks, and ensuring alignment among team members. I recall a project kick-off meeting where language barriers posed challenges, highlighting the importance of refining my English language skills.”
FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT 2:
Writing Reports
Michael’s story No.2:
“As a Project Manager, I frequently engage in the crucial task of writing comprehensive reports for project updates, status reviews, and performance evaluations. These reports demand clear and effective communication to convey project progress and outcomes. I’ve had experiences where enhancing my written communication skills played a pivotal role in delivering impactful project reports.”
Methodology tips
- Provide comprehensive resources to master project management terminology and expressions commonly used in project kick-off meetings.
- Conduct immersive role-playing exercises simulating authentic project kick-off scenarios, allowing me to practice task delegation and goal clarification.
- Offer tailored guidance on effective language usage for defining expectations, soliciting feedback, and managing team dynamics in a cross-cultural setting.
- Provide practical resources and templates for crafting effective project reports, emphasizing language precision and clarity.
- Engage learners in report-writing exercises that simulate real-world scenarios, enabling them to convey complex project details in a structured and organized manner.
- Offer constructive feedback on existing (or created) written reports, focusing on language enhancement and the ability to present information persuasively.
SECTION FOUR: Subtypes
Each basic type of learner typically has different subtypes. Look at the three ‘Project Manager’ subtypes presented here.
SUBTYPE A:
Technical Proficiency
Technical Proficiency, Communication Enhancement: Project Managers in this category possess strong technical expertise but seek to enhance their communication skills in English. While they excel in managing projects, they aim to improve their ability to articulate project details, expectations, and outcomes effectively to global teams and clients.
SUBTYPE B:
Negotiation Mastery
Professionals in this subtype focus on honing their negotiation skills in English. They are adept at managing projects but aim to excel in client negotiations, contract discussions, and conflict resolution, recognizing that effective negotiation is pivotal in international project management.
SUBTYPE C:
Cross-Cultural Facilitation
Project Managers in this category prioritize cross-cultural communication skills. They acknowledge the significance of understanding cultural nuances in international projects and seek to refine their ability to foster collaboration among diverse teams and stakeholders, promoting cultural sensitivity. The focus is also on appropriate and culture-specific small talk.